ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT
Ecology is a science to study organisms living in an environment and interacting with it and among themselves. It gives importance to both living and non-living components that affect each other.
The following topics are covered in this section. Click on the title to open.
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATIONS
This site is aimed to help students and others interested in the study of zoology and preparation for various competitive examinations. Generally the information given in this website is available free for download but some information may be password protected. However, commercial use of the information is probibited.
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http://www.civilserviceindia.com
LIST OF CIVIL SERVICES INCLUDED IN IAS EXAM
Indian Administrative Service
Indian Police Service
Group A Indian P & T Accounts & Finance Service Indian Audit and Accounts Service Indian Customs and Central Excise Service Indian Defence Accounts Service Indian Revenue Service Indian Ordnance Factories Service (Assistant Works Manager, non-technical) Indian Postal Service Indian Civil Accounts Service Indian Railway Traffic Service Indian Railway Accounts Service Indian Railway Personnel Service Posts of Assistant Security Officer in Railway Protection Force (RPF) Indian Defence Estates Service Indian Information Service (Junior Grade)
Group – B Railway Board Secretariat Service (Section Officer's Grade) Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Service (Section Officer's Grade) Customs Appraisers' Service
IAS–PRILIMINARY EXAMINATION
The Preliminary Examination is meant to serve as screening test and has all objective type of questions. This examination is conducted according to the following pattern— With effect from 2011, the pattern of preliminary exam. has changed. There will be no optional subject now and the two papers will be as follows.
| PAPER | SUBJECT | DURATION | MARKS |
| I | General Studies/Current events | 2 hrs | 200 |
| II | Comprehension/Reasoning | 2 hrs | 200 |
I. General Studies paper includes Current events of national and international importance; History of India and Indian National Movement; Indian and World Geography – Physical, Social, Economic geography of India and the World. Indian Polity and Governance – Constitution, Political System. Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc. Economic and Social Development – Sustainable Development. Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate. General Science.
II. Comprehension & Reasoning paper includes Comprehension Interpersonal skills including communication skills;
Logical reasoning and analytical ability. Decision making and problem solving. General mental ability. Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude etc.) (Class X level). Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data
sufficiency etc. -Class X level). English Language Comprehension skills (Class X level).
IAS Main Examination—Subjects
| Paper-I | One of the Indian Languages has to be selected by the candidate from the 18 language list included in the VIII Schedule of the Constitution (This is a qualifying Paper). | 300 Marks |
| Paper-II | English (This is a qualifying paper) | 300 Marks |
| Paper-III | Essay | 200 Marks |
| Papers IV & V | General Studies (300 Marks for each paper) | 600 Marks |
| Papers VI, VII, VIII & IX | Any two Optional subjects (each having 2 papers) to be selected from the prescribed Optional Subjects (300 marks for each paper) |
1200 Marks (300 x 2 x 2) |
| Total Marks for Written Examination | 2000 Marks | |
| Interview or Personality test | 300 Marks | |
| Grand Total | 2300 Marks | |
YOGA
Yoga is an entirely different concept of improving learning and memory and general upkeep of health and mental alertness. Physical exercises that involve skeletal muscles enhance respiratory rate and blood circulation but cause oxygen debt in the body and increase lactic acid concentration in blood and muscles and hence do not benefit the endocrine glands, smooth muscles and nerves. Yoga is the only method by which you can oxygenate nerves, stimulate parasympathatic system and tone up endocrine glands, thus maintain balanced metabolism. Pranayama is a good technique to combat fatique and gain control over mind and body. Transcendental meditation can rejuvenate brain by removing mental fatigue in ten minutes. Those engaged in strenuous mental work must practice transcendental meditation for ten minutes every four hours to get rid of mental fatigue.
This section deals with the physiological effects of yoga on the body and mind.
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